Friday, January 24, 2020
Living in the City vs. Living in the Country :: Compare Contrast City Country Essays
Living in the City vs. Living in the Country      The age-old question has plagued many, â€Å"Should I live in a city or should I live in the country?†. There are many advantages and disadvantages to choosing a lifestyle in either setting, and careful examination of all aspects is needed to make the perfect decision for you.      One major issue affecting many people trying to make the decision on where to live is their quality of life in either extreme. Health, education, transportation are three major concerns that many consider. In a city, pollution surrounds you wherever you step whether on the streets of a busy financial district or on the lawn of a large park. Pollution could possibly cause health problems later in life. In the country, pollution is scarce. Fresh air, rolling green hills, a few pieces of litter here and there but pretty much everything is clean, and wow! No smog, you can see the stars! In the country, childhood education, kindergarten through twelfth grade, is significantly better than in a large city; smaller class sizes and larger budgets create excellent learning environments. In cities, public schools are often plagued with very large classes packed into small spaces. Teachers with low pay, and little or no dedication are thrown into classrooms to teach, resultin g in poor education. Transportation is very accessible in city environments. Public transportation, by way of subways, busses and ferries, are cheap and easy ways of getting around a metropolis, whether going out to work, school, or for a night on the town. In the country, everyone needs to have access to his or her own vehicle. A commute to work or school is about an average of forty-five minutes!      Cash flow is very important when choosing a living environment. Living in the city can easily be more expensive, if you do not know where to look. But it can also be very competitive with that of your spending in the country. Apartments can be very affordable in a rent-controlled neighborhood, and are much more feasible for families, or students just starting out on their own; whereas, in the country, you may have to buy a home or hard to find cheap rentals. Transportation costs, groceries, taxes, and utilities are common expenditures for any adult. But, many may find that a large amount of money can be saved on these living expenses in a city.
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Cybercrime technology Essay
People rationally choose to participate in criminal  acts; in order to  prevent these acts from occurring people need to know that consequences will outweigh the benefits. If people believe that the consequences outweigh the benefits t hen they will  freely choose not to participate in the criminal behavior. On the other hand the positive  school of criminology believes that individuals participate in crime because of forces beyond individual control and relies on the scientific method to prove  it s theories (Cullen & Agnew, 2006 ). Individuals should not be held solely responsible for their actions  because not everyone is rational. Outside factors can play an important part in determining one‟s participation in crime. Now that we have exami ned the two most  dominant schools of criminological theory we can examine how two theories, self – control and routine activity, have been applied to the study of cybercrime and cybercrime victimization. Self – Control Theory One general crime theory that has been applied to the study of cybercrime is self – control theory. Self – control theory was first proposed by Travis Hirschi and Michael Gottfredson in their 1990 publication A General Theory of Crime . Self – control theory  beli eves that criminal motivation is rampant, but that people act on this motivation only when they possess low self – control  (Cullen & Agnew, 2006) . This paper will discuss the  basic elements of self – control theory, as well as research that has provided eviden ce to  support the validity of this theory. Then this section will review empirical studies that have applied self – control theory to the stu dy of cybercrime and cyber victimization and  will dis cuss the benefits of applying this theory to the study of cyberc rime. Cybercrime 28 In their book, A General Theory of Crime , Travis Hirschi and Michael Gottfredson describe the major characteristics that define individuals with and without self – control (1990). Individual‟s with low self – control are â€Å" impulsive, insensitive, physica l (as opposed to mental), risk – taking, short sighted, and nonverbal, and they will  tend therefore to engage in criminal and analogous acts .†(Hirschi & Gottfredson, 1990) People with characteristics of low self – control may be more likely to participate in deviant acts because they want immediate gratification. As compared to individuals who lack self – control, individuals with self – control are able to delay immediate gratification  and are more likely to be vigilant, emotional, verbal, and long – term orientat ed (Hirschi &  Gottfredson, 1990). Individuals who possess characteristics of self – control may be better  able to appreciate the consequences of participating in  deviant acts and have the control necessary to delay their gratification. In conclusion, those who lack self – control are more  likely to possess characteristics such as impulsivity a nd short – sightedness, that make crime and its immediate gratification more attractive to them, as compared to those who possess characteristics of high self – control such  as being cautious and long – term  orientated.  This brings up an important question, does an individual‟s level of self – control  develop over time or is someone born with one level of self – control that remains the same throughout his or her lifetime . According to Hirschi and Gottfredson individuals are not born with one certain level of self – control,  rather  they learn self – control most often  through their parents ( Hirschi & Gottfredson, 1990 ). An individual does not have only  on e level of self – control, as they grow older they may develop a different level of self – control then when they were younger. However, they do suggest that, â€Å"†¦individual Cybercrime 29 differences may have an impact on the prospects for effective socialization†( Hirschi & G ottfredson, 1990 ). For example, individuals with mental health problems may have a higher probability of not being effectively socialized. The authors believed that self – control is learned through life, but especially while you are a child. The authors  al so addressed why some individuals possess characteristics of self – control. They suggest that individuals develop characteristics of self – control as a result of  their upbringing (Hirschi & Gottfredson, 1990). While  parents do not intentionally teach  their c hildren to not have self – control, the authors suggest that â€Å" in order to teach the child  self – control, someone must (1) monitor the child‟s behavior; (2) recognize deviant behavior when it occurs; and (3) punish such behavior†¦all that is required to activat e the  system is affection for or investment in the child .†(Hirschi & Gottfredson, 1990) They  suggest that a deficiency in any one of these categories will inadvertently allow the child to develop characteristics of low self – control (Hirschi & Gottfredson , 1990).  Characteristics of low self – control can be the result of ineffective parenting. Low self – control makes crime more attractive to individuals who possess learned characteristics such as impulsivity and lack of responsibility. Good parenting is impo rtant in developing  individuals who possess high levels of self – control, however good parenting can only  occur if parents care about their children and are able to monitor, recognize, and effectively punish their children for deviant behavior. Self – control theory has been the subject of many empirical studies, which have  attempted to test the validity of the theory in explaining crime (Pratt & Cullen 200 0; Pratt, Turner & Piquero 2004; Perrone, Sullivan, Pratt, & Margaryan 2004 ; Turner,  Piquero, & Pratt 20 05; Reisig &Pratt 2011;  Deng & Zheng 1998 ) . In 2000, Pratt and
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
Is America s Voting Equipment s Major Problem - 1362 Words
Jessie Sisavat Professor Smith Pols 116 October 31, 2016 Is America’s Voting Equipment’s Major Problem? For several decades, the American people are skeptical if their votes count due to various voting method. The election process is divided with dissatisfaction and inaccuracy in governmental elections. Set from the voters addressing how they vote, it still means a lot to them because it is what gets the people voice heard. There are voters that are uncertain of trusting the candidates that will make their laws and regulations, however many voters are still incline they have the power to vote them out from office. But when different types of voting equipment’s have their own problems it becomes prevalent to voters. There are ways of voting that would sometimes fail and the discovery of fraud in the voting process can make people question the American election. The rights and privilege to vote is what many Americans believe is the most essential part of being a democracy nation and an American. By keeping the American citizen trust the voting operation system must work properly a nd establish that the people’s votes are counted for. The American election administration is facing the new generation of technology that is designed for the usage of voting. The management of hardware and software can be a great challenge for many upcoming election throughout the years ahead. Today, there are several methods of voting equipment’s that are used for the election system. They’reShow MoreRelatedAmerica s Voting Equipment s Major Problem? Essay1264 Words  | 6 PagesJessie Sisavat Professor Smith Pols 116 December 13, 2016 What Is America’s Voting Equipment’s Major Problem? For several decades, the American people have been skeptical if their votes count due to the uncertainty of various voting methods. 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